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| DIRECTORIES | |  | Research output keywords | | | RISK BEHAVIOUR | |
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Avalos, L.A., Mertens, J.R., Ward, C.L., Flisher, A.J., Bresick, G.F. & Weisner, C.M. (2009) Stress, substance use and sexual risk behaviors among primary care patients in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS and Behavior. Online:
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We assessed the relationship between stress, substance use and sexual risk behaviors in a primary care population in Cape Town, South Africa. A random sample of participants (and over-sampled 18-24-year-olds) from 14 of the 49 clinics in Cape Town's public health sector using stratified random sampling (n = 2,618), was selected. We evaluated current hazardous drug and alcohol use and three doma...
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Bachoo, S. (2010) Young drivers, personality & risky driving behaviour. HSRC Review. 8(3):28-29.
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According to the WHO, young motor vehicle drivers are significantly over-represented among those injured or killed in road traffic accidents. Crash risks for teenage drivers are greater than those for any other comparable group. SHANEEL BACHOO explores the role that personality plays in influencing the driving practices of young drivers.
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Bell, C., Bhana, A., McKay, M. & Petersen, I. (2007) Building protective factors to offset sexually risky behaviors among black South African youth: a randomized control trial.
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Bell, C.C., Bhana, A., Petersen, I., McKay, M.M., Gibbons, R., Bannon, W. & Amatya, A. (2008) Building protective factors to offset sexually risky behaviors among black youths: a randomized control trial. Journal of the National Medical Association. 100(8):936-944.
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The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of the CHAMP among black South Africans in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A randomized control trial was conducted in KwaDedangendlale, South Africa, among youths (ages 9-13) and their families (245 intervention families rearing 281 children and 233 control families rearing 298 children). The CHAMPSA intervention targeted HIV risk behavi...
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Bhana, A. (2010) Middle childhood and pre-adolescence. In: Petersen, I., Bhana, A., Flisher, A.J., Swartz, L. & Richter, L. (eds). Promoting mental health in scarce-resource contexts: emerging evidence and practice. Cape Town: HSRC Press. 124-142.
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This chapter first examines key characteristics of middle childhood, followed by a look at the most important mental health and risk features in this developmental age group. The authors then examine the array of programmatic responses to these issues, with examples of interventions aimed at mental health promotion and the prevention of mental disorders and reduction of risk in this age and dev...
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Bhana, A. & Petersen, I. (2009) HIV and youth: a behavioural perspective. In: Rohleder, P., Swartz, L., Kalichman, S.C. & Simbayi, L.C. (eds). HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 years on: psychosocial perspectives. New York: Springer. 55-68.
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This chapter highlights the critical importance of a continued focus on youth given the large spikes in HIV incidence in this age cohort, and also because youth continue to offer the best opportunities for prevention intervention efforts, as anti-retroviral treatment cannot succeed on its own, and which will begin to make an impact on the scourge of HIV and AIDS.
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Bhana, A., Zimmerman, R. & Cupp, P. (2008) Gender role attitudes and sexual risk among adolescents in South Africa. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies. 3(2):112-119.
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Adolescents remain the most critical group to target for reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, as most infections occur during this period. However, given that the rates of HIV infection continue to rise, South African youth would appear to be unable to protect themselves as well as they should. Gender role attitudes have been implicated in adolescent boys having multiple par...
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Bhana, A., Zimmerman, R., Cupp, P. & Feist-Price, S. (2007) Gender role attitudes and sexual risk. (Paper presented at the 8th AIDS Impact International Conference on Biopsychosocial Aspects of HIV Infection, Marseille, France, 1-4 July).
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Bhana, A., Petersen, I., Bell, C. & McKay, M. (2007) Outcome and process evaluation of the CHAMP South Africa (Amaqhawe) family-based HIV prevention intervention. (Paper presented at the South African-United States Workshop on Behavioural HIV/STI prevention and Mental Health Research, Durban, 1-4 June).
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Carey, K.B., Scott-Sheldon, L.A.J., Carey, M.P., Cain, D., Mlobeli, R., Vermaak, R., Mthembu, J., Simbayi, L.C. & Kalichman, S.C. (2011) Community norms for HIV risk behaviors among men in a South African township. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 34:32-40.
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We investigated alcohol-related sexual risk behavior from the perspective of social norms theory. Adults (N = 895, 62% men) residing in a South African township completed street-intercept surveys that assessed risk and protective behaviors (e.g., multiple partners, drinking before sex, meeting sex partners in shebeens, condom use) and corresponding norms. Men consistently
overestimated the ac...
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Chikovore, J. (2011) Abortion & contraceptive use: sites of struggle for African men. HSRC Review. 9(1):18-19.
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In examining men's perspectives of contraceptive use and abortion, JEREMIAH CHIKOVORE identifies contradictions and multiplicities within gender relations and dynamics that are influenced by, among other factors, colonial-era labour mobilisation practices and socio-political dynamics.
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Chirowodza, A., Van Rooyen, H., Richter, L. & Coates, T. (2009) Gendered constructions of HIV risk in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. (Paper presented at the 4th South African AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa, 31 March - 4 April).
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Cloete, A., Sanger, N. & Simbayi, L.C. (2010) Are HIV positive women who have sex with women (WSW) an unrecognized and neglected HIV risk group in South Africa?. Journal of AIDS and HIV Research. 2(8):Online.
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South Africa is home to the largest population of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Of this population gender non-conforming women like women who have sex with women (WSW) remain undocumented. This study is an attempt to fill this information gap as it describes the demographic, health and sexual behaviours of 72 HIV positive WSW. The data indicate that WSW are not protected from HIV because...
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Cloete, A., Strebel, A., Simbayi, L., Van Wyk, B., Henda, N. & Nqeketo, A. (2010) Challenges faced by people living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa: issues for group risk reduction interventions. AIDS Research and Treatment. July:Online.
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This paper presents the findings of an exploratory study to investigate the challenges faced by people living with HIV/AIDS
(PLWHA) in communities in Cape Town, South Africa. The primary goal of the study was to gather data to inform the adaptation
of a group risk reduction intervention to the South African context. Qualitative methods were used to examine the experiences
of PLWHA. Eight foc...
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Cloete, A., Rispel, L., Reddy, V. & Metcalf, C. (2010) Constructs of identity and HIV risk behaviours among men who have sex with men (MSM) in two South African cities. (Paper presented at the Third Annual International Colloquium: Gender, Sexuality, History and Culture in Africa, University of Lagos, Nigeria, 19-20 June).
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Cloete, A., Simbayi, L.C. & Kalichman, S.C. (2006) Stigma and discrimination experiences of HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexual men in Cape Town, South Africa. (Poster presented to the XVI International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada, 13-18 August).
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Cloete, A., Simbayi, L.C., Clayford, M., Arnolds, W., Mxoli, M., Strebel, A., Kalichman, S.C., Cherry, C., Crawford, M., Kalichman, M.O. & Shefer, T. (2008) Intervening to reduce gender-based violence does not enhance HIV risk reduction outcomes for South African men: results of a quasi-experimental field trial. (Paper presented at the AIDS Conference, Mexico City, 6 August).
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Background: There is a well documented association between violence against women and HIV transmission. Interventions that integrate HIV prevention with gender-based violence prevention may demonstrate synergistic effects. Aim of study: The current study tested the effects of a community-based HIV/gender-based violence prevention intervention targeted to South African men.
Methods: A quasi-ex...
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Cloete, A., Simbayi, L.C., Kalichman, S.C., Strebel, A. & Henda, N. (2008) Stigma and discrimination experiences of HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Care. 20(9):1105-1110.
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Since the primary mode of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa is heterosexual, research focusing on the sexual behaviour of men who have sex with men (MSM) is scant. Currently it is unknown how many people living with HIV in South Africa are MSM and there is even less known about the stigmatisation and discrimination of HIV-positive MSM. The current study examined the stigma and discriminati...
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Cloete, A. (2007) Disclosure decisions and HIV transmission risk behaviour of HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Cape Town, South Africa. (Paper presented at the HSRC Research Conference, Birchwood Conference Centre, Benoni, 27-28 September).
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Cupp, P.K., Zimmerman, R.S., Bhana, A., Feist-Price, S., Dekhtyar, O., Karnell, A. & Ramsoomar, L. (2008) Combining and adapting American school-based alcohol and HIV prevention programmes in South Africa: the HAPS project. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies. 3(2):134-142.
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Adolescents in South Africa are at particularly high risk for HIV as well as other sexually transmitted infections. Because rates are so high, using minimal time and resources to develop effective interventions is essential. One strategy to achieve this goal is to modify and adapt western school-based preventive interventions for applications in South African schools. This study focuses on t...
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Davids, A., Simbayi, L., Ncitakalo, N. & Mehlomakulu, V.E. (2009) Community perceptions and understanding of the risk factors that affect children who are sexually abused. (Paper presented at the AIDS Impact Conference, Gaborone, Botswana, 22-25 September).
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Davids, A. (2009) Just between the 2 of us: how communities perceive sexual abuse and the risk of HIV infection. HSRC Review. 7(4):26-27.
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How do communities that should be able to protect children against sexual abuse perceive this crime and the resultant threat to the mental and physical health of their children? Do they just turn a blind eye? And what can be done about it? Alicia Davids presented findings of an HSRC study on community perceptions of the risk factors of children who are sexually abused at the AIDS Impact Confere...
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Davids, A. (2008) HSRC's focus groups study on social values and norms: research methodology. (Paper presented to SABSSM3 Advisory Board Meeting, 8 October).
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A presentation on the study to identify and understand the social values and cultural norms that influence sexual behaviour in various settings or situations.
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Dayal, H. (2008) Unpacking issues of adherence: moving beyond access. (Paper presented at the International Scientific Conference on HIV/AIDS, Abidjan, 6-9 October).
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With HIV/AIDS being recognised as a chronic disease, the success of treatment depends on at least 95% adherence rates. In addition, as efforts are implemented to improve comprehensive access to care, treatment and management of the disease, factors influencing adherence play a crucial role in preventing drug resistance. One of the objectives of an overall study on ARV delivery models in SA was ...
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Dewing, S., Mathews, C., Schaay, N., Cloete, A., Louw, J. & Simbayi, L. (2011) Behaviour change counselling for ARV adherence support within primary health care facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. AIDS and Behavior. October:Online.
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Health care systems have been described as ideal settings for behaviour change counselling interventions. There is little research evaluating the feasibility of implementing such interventions in routine practice in primary care facilities. We implemented an intervention called Options for Health within routine adherence counselling practice in 20 antiretroviral facilities in Cape Town,
South ...
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Dewing, S., Mathews, C., Schaay, N., Cloete, A., Simbayi, L. & Chopra, M. (2010) The feasibility of implementing a sexual risk reduction intervention in routine clinical practice at an ARV clinic in Cape Town: a case study. AIDS and Behavior. June:Online.
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This case study with one lay adherence counsellor assessed the implementation of Options for Health, a sexual risk-reduction intervention based on Motivational Interviewing (MI), in an antiretroviral clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. In most cases Options was not delivered with fidelity and less than one-third of intended recipients received it; the counsellor often forgot to do Options, was u...
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Dewing, S., Ramachandran, R., Schaay, N., Cloete, A., Mathews, C., Chopra, M. & Simbayi, L. (2009) The feasibility of implementing a sexual risk reduction intervention in routine clinical practice at an ARV clinic in Cape Town: results of a pilot study. (Poster presented at the 4th South African AIDS Conference, Durban, 31 March-3 April).
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Dwadwa-Henda, N.V., Simbayi, L.C., Strebel, A., Cloete, A. & Lewa, N. (2007) Development of HIV behavioural risk reduction intervention programmes for people living with HIV/AIDS in support groups. (Paper presented at 5th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Netherlands, 24-28 May).
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Genberg, B.L., Kulich, M., Kawichai, S., Modiba, P., Chingono, A., Kilonzo, G.P., Richter, L., Pettifor, A., Sweat, M. & Celentano, D.D. (2008) HIV risk behaviors in sub-Saharan Africa and northern Thailand: baseline behavioral data from Project Accept. JAIDS - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 49(3):309-319.
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Of 2.5 million new HIV infections worldwide in 2007, most occurred in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia. We present the baseline data on HIV risk behaviors and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa and northern Thailand from Project Accept, a community-randomized controlled trial of community mobilization, mobile voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), and posttest support services. A random h...
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Helms, D.J., Mosure, D.J., Metcalf, C.A., Douglas, J.M., Malotte, C.K., Paul, S.M. & Peterman, T.A. (2008) Risk factors for prevalent and incident trichomonas vaginalis among women attending three sexually transmitted disease clinics. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 35(5):484-488.
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Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection in the United States and may be associated with
adverse birth outcomes and may also increase susceptibility to or transmissibility of human immunodeficiency virus. The purpose of
this analysis is to describe the epidemiology of T. vaginalis in sexually transmitted disease clinics and characterize the risk factors...
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Johnson, L.F., Dorrington, R.E., Bradshaw, D., Pillay-Van Wyk, V. & Rehle, T.M. (2009) Sexual behaviour patterns in South Africa and their association with the spread of HIV: insights from a mathematical model. Demographic Research. 21:289-340.
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This paper aims to quantify the effects of different types of sexual risk behaviour on the spread of HIV in South Africa. A mathematical model is developed to simulate changes in numbers of sexual partners, changes in marital status, changes in commercial sex activity, and changes in the frequency of unprotected sex over the life course. This is extended to allow for the transmission of HIV, an...
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Jooste, S., Simbayi, L., Kalichman, S. & Cain, D. (2010) Heterosexual anal intercourse among community and clinical settings in Cape Town, South Africa. (Poster presented at the XVIII International AIDS Conference, July).
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Kalichman, S.C., Simbayi, L.C., Cain, D. & Jooste, S. (2009) Condom failure among men receiving sexually transmissible infection clinic services, Cape Town, South Africa. Sexual Health. 6(4):300-304.
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Condoms offer the most realistic and available protection against sexually transmissible infections (STIs), including HIV infection. The protective benefits of condoms are, however compromised by breaks and tears. Condom failure was associated with sexual exchange, alcohol and other drug use, and higher rates of unprotected vaginal intercourse. Men with a history of condom failure were signi...
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Kalichman, S.C., Simbayi, L.C., Cloete, A., Clayford, M., Arnolds, W., Mxoli, M., Smith, G., Cherry, C., Shefer, T., Crawford, M. & Kalichman, M.O. (2009) Integrated gender-based violence and HIV risk reduction intervention for South African men: results of a quasi-experimental field trial. Prevention Science: The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research. 10:260-269.
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South Africa is in the midst of one of the world's most devastating HIV/AIDS epidemics and there is a well-documented association between violence against women and HIV transmission. Interventions that target men and integrate HIV prevention with gender-based violence prevention may demonstrate synergistic effects. A quasi-experimental field intervention trial was conducted with two communities...
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Kalichman, S.C. & Simbayi, L.C. (2009) Positive prevention: HIV risk reduction for people living with HIV/AIDS. In: Rohleder, P., Swartz, L., Kalichman, S.C. & Simbayi, L.C. (eds). HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 years on: psychosocial perspectives. New York: Springer. 273-288.
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This chapter discussed the rationale for positive prevention and define its parameters, namely what positive prevention is and what it is not. We also discuss the principles derived from the evidence-based literature that can be used to guide the adaptation of effective positive prevention interventions. Looking ahead to future positive prevention efforts in South Africa, we highlight why pos...
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Kalichman, S.C., Simbayi, L.C., Cloete, A., Cherry, C., Strebel, A., Kalichman, M.O., Shefer, T., Crawford, M., Thabalala, M., Henda, N. & Cain, D. (2008) HIV/AIDS risk reduction and domestic violence prevention intervention for South African men. International Journal of Men's Health. 7(3):255-273.
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South Africa has among the worst HIV/AIDS epidemics in the world, and HIV/AIDS is closely associated with adversarial attitudes toward women and with domestic violence. This article reports the development of a social-cognitive and social-constructionist, gender-based intervention for working with HIV/AIDS patients and preventing domestic violence. Five three-hour group sessions were tailored t...
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Kalichman, S.C., Simbayi, L.C., Vermaak, R., Jooste, S. & Cain, D. (2008) HIV/AIDS risks among men and women who drink at informal alcohol serving establishments (shebeens) in Cape Town, South Africa. Prevention Science: The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research. 9(1):55-62.
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HIV/AIDS is devastating southern Africa and the spread of HIV is fueled in some populations by alcohol use. Alcohol serving establishments, such as informal drinking places or shebeens, often serve as high-risk venues for HIV transmission. The current study examined the HIV risks of men (N=91) and women (N=248) recruited from four shebeens in a racially integrating township in Cape Town South ...
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Kalichman, S.C., Simbayi, L.C., Cain, D. & Jooste, S. (2008) Perceived HIV/AIDS prevalence, burden, and risk, Cape Town, South Africa. American Journal of Health Behavior. 32(6):693-700.
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This article examines perceived HIV prevalence and disease burden in high-risk adults in Cape Town, South Africa. A convenience sample of 793 males and 188 female sexually transmitted infection clinic patients completed anonymous surveys. The results indicated that the individuals who saw themselves at greater risk for HIV/AIDS also perceived greater local HIV prevalence. Participants presen...
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Kalichman, S.C., Simbayi, L.C., Vermaak, R., Cain, D., Smith, G., Mthebu, J. & Jooste, S. (2008) Randomized trial of a community-based alcohol-related HIV risk-reduction intervention for men and women in Cape Town South Africa. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 36(3):270-279.
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BACKGROUND: HIV is devastating southern Africa and alcohol use is closely related to HIV transmission risks. PURPOSE: The current study tested the efficacy of a brief single-session HIV-alcohol risk-reduction intervention for men and women who drink at informal alcohol serving establishments (i.e., shebeens) in South Africa. METHODS: A randomized community field trial recruited men (N = 117) an...
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Kalichman, S.C., Simbayi, L., Jooste, S., Vermaak, R. & Cain, D. (2008) Sensation seeking and alcohol use predict HIV transmission risks: prospective study of sexually transmitted infection clinic patients, Cape Town, South Africa. Addictive Behaviors. 33:1630-1633.
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Alcohol is related to HIV risk behaviors in southern Africa and these behaviors are correlated with sensation seeking personality and alcohol outcome expectancies. Here we report for the first time the associations among sensation seeking, substance use, and sexual risks in a prospective study in Africa. Sexually transmitted infection clinic patients in Cape Town South Africa (157 men and 64 wo...
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Kalichman, S.C., Simbayi, L.C., Cain, D. & Jooste, S.E. (2007) Alcohol expectations and risky drinking among men and women at high-risk for HIV infection in Cape Town, South Africa. Addictive Behaviors. 32(10):2304-2310.
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This study examined the differential patterns of alcohol outcome expectancies in relation to drinking before sex and having sex partners who drink before sex among men (N = 614) and women (N = 158) sexually transmitted infections clinic patients in Cape Town South Africa. Hierarchical regressions, controlling for age, education, and alcohol use showed that men's sexual enhancement alcohol expe...
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Kalichman, S.C., Simbayi, L.C., Kaufman, M, Cain, D & Jooste, S. (2007) Alcohol use and sexual risks for HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review of empirical findings. Prevention science: the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research. 8(2):141-151.
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Alcohol consumption is associated with risks for sexually transmitted infections (STI), including HIV/AIDS. In this paper, we systematically review the literature on alcohol use and sexual risk behavior in southern Africa, the region of the world with the greatest HIV/AIDS burden. Studies show a consistent association between alcohol use and sexual risks for HIV infection. Among people who d...
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Kalichman, S.C., Simbayi, L.C., Vermaak, R., Cain, D., Jooste, S. & Peltzer, K. (2007) HIV/AIDS risk reduction counseling for alcohol using sexually transmitted infections clinic patients in Cape Town, South Africa. JAIDS - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 44(5):594-600.
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HIV is ravaging southern Africa, and HIV transmission risk behaviors are facilitated by alcohol use in sexual contexts. There are no known interventions that directly target HIV risk behavior among people who drink and are at risk for HIV in Africa. The purpose was to test a behavioral risk reduction counseling intervention for use in sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in southern
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Kalichman, S.C., Ntseane, D., Nthomang, K., Segwabe, M., Phorano, O. & Simbayi, L.C. (2007) Recent multiple sexual partners and HIV transmission risks among people living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 83(5):371-375.
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Kalichman, S.C., Simbayi, L.C., Cain, D., Cherry, C., Henda, N. & Cloete, A. (2007) Sexual assault, sexual risks and gender attitudes in a community sample of South African men. AIDS care. 19(1):20-27.
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Sexual assault against women and HIV infection are both prevalent and related social problems in South Africa. The current study examined hostile attitudes toward women, acceptance of violence against women and masculine ideological beliefs in relation to sexual assault history among men in a Cape Town township in South Africa.
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Kalichman, S.C., Simbayi, L.C., Kagee, A., Toefy, Y., Jooste, S., Cain, D. & Cherry, C. (2006) Associations of poverty, substance use, and HIV transmission risk behaviors in three South African communities. Social science & medicine. 62:1641-1649.
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The majority of the world's HIV infections occur in communities ravished by poverty. Although HIV/AIDS and poverty are inextricably linked, there are few studies of how poverty-related stressors contribute to HIV risk behavior practices. In this study, surveys were conducted in three South African communities that varied by race and socio-economic conditions: people living in an impoverished Af...
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Kaufman, M.R., Shefer, T., Crawford, M., Simbayi, L.C. & Kalichman, S.C. (2008) Gender attitudes, sexual power, HIV risk: a model for understanding HIV risk behavior of South African men. AIDS Care. 20(4):434-441.
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The Gender Attitudes-Power-Risk (GAPR) model of HIV risk behavior was tested using survey data collected from among 309 men who were attending STI services in a primary health care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. Results showed that negative attitudes towards women were significantly positively associated with a high level of HIV risk behavior, and that endorsement of traditional male roles ...
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Kekana, Q., Banyini, M., Jooste, S., Simbayi, L. & Peltzer, K. (2011) Adaptation of an HIV behavioural disinhibition risk reduction intervention for recently circumcised South African men. Gender and Behaviour. 9(1):3479-3494.
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South Africa urgently needs HIV behavioural disinhibition risk reduction interventions for recently circumcised men for use in
clinic and community settings. A theory-based HIV behavioural disinhibition risk reduction counselling intervention has recently
been adapted for use in a South African traditional and medical circumcision setting. The 3 hours behavioural disinhibition risk
reduction...
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Kiene, S.M., Simbayi, L.C., Abrams, A., Cloete, A., Tennen, H. & Fisher, J.D. (2008) High rates of unprotected sex occurring among HIV-positive individuals in a daily diary study in South Africa: the role of alcohol use. JAIDS - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 49(2):219-226.
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Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of unprotected sex and to examine the association betweenalcohol consumption before sex and unprotected sex among HIVpositive individuals in Cape Town, South Africa.Methods: For 42 days, daily phone interviews assessed daily sexual behavior and alcohol consumption. Logistic and Poisson generalized estimating equation models ...
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Knox, J., Yi, H., Reddy, V., Maimane, S. & Sandfort, T. (2010) The fallacy of intimacy: sexual risk behaviour and beliefs about trust and condom use among men who have sex with men in South Africa. Psychology, Health & Medicine. 15(6):660-671.
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The objective of this study is to assess (1) whether beliefs about trust and condom use affect sexual risk behaviour, and (2) if beliefs about trust and condom use impact sexual risk behaviour directly or if this relationship is mediated by other determinants. The Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills model was used as a framework for the mediation analysis. A diverse cohort of three hundre...
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Kruss, G. (2012) Channels of interaction in health biotechnology networks in South Africa: who benefits and how?. International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development. 5(1/2):204-220.
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The promotion of university-industry linkages in developing countries is contested, given high levels of poverty, inequality and human
development needs. A recent research trend offers new insights that can shift the terms of debate and inform differentiated policy approaches in a more contextually appropriate way. The focus is a framework to analyse the benefits and risks associated with diff...
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Leclerc-Madlala, S. (2008) Age-disparate and intergenerational sex in southern Africa: the dynamics of hypervulnerability. AIDS. 22(4):S17-S25.
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This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on age-disparate sexual relationships in the context of the southern African HIV/AIDS hyperepidemic. Disproportionately high HIV infection rates among young women aged 15-24 years have been attributed to their greater involvement in relationships with older-aged partners. Whereas early studies emphasized economic concerns in the context of pover...
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Leclerc-Madlala, S. & Naidoo, D. (2008) Designing behavioural interventions: from planning to action. (Paper presented at the Capacity Building Workshop, Johannesburg, 24-26 November).
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Leclerc-Madlala, S. (2008) Requirements for a psychosocial shift in behaviour towards an AIDS free generation. (Paper presented at the HIV and AIDS Summit, Mooi River, 3-5 June).
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Leclerc-Madlala, S. (2008) Sugar daddies' and HIV: is it really about money, money, money?. HSRC Review. 6(3):11-12.
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Statistics on the HIV pandemic in southern Africa show that young women are much more likely to be HIV-positive than their male counterparts. In some places in Botswana, for example, HIV-rates in girls between the ages of 15 and 19 are nine times more than that of boys of the same age.
Apart from the physiological reasons that make women more susceptible to HIV, scientists often blame sugar...
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Makiwane, M. & Mokomane, Z. (2010) South Africa youths' higher-risk sexual behaviour: an eco-developmental analysis. African Journal of AIDS Research. 9(1):17-24.
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Despite their high levels of knowledge about HIV and AIDS, young people ages 15-24 years in South Africa remain disproportionately affected by the epidemic. Young people's continued susceptibility to HIV infection has been consistently linked to intractable higher-risk sexual behaviours. This paper uses multivariate techniques and secondary data from two nationally representative surveys to ill...
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Makiwane, M. (2010) Warum Teenager Kinder bekommen. Moneta: Zeitung fur Geld und Geist. 4:15.
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Mankayi, N. (2011) Cultural understanding of sexuality among a group of male soldiers: social constructionist approach. (Paper presented at the 1st Global Conference: Femininity and Masculinity, 16 to 18 May 2011, Warsaw, Poland).
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Mankayi, N. & Naidoo, A.V. (2011) Masculinity and sexual practices in the military: a South African study. African Journal of AIDS Research. 10(1):43-50.
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The military's organisational culture tends to condone or encourage risk-taking behaviour. Willingness to accept and engage in risk-taking behaviour is central to good soldiering and is strongly associated with readiness for combat. This core attribute of military culture might predispose soldiers to engage in other higher-risk behaviours, such as unprotected sex. Soldiers' working and living c...
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Mehlomakulu, V. (2008) Constructions of masculine sexuality, high risk sex and HIV/AIDS amongst young Xhosa men in South Africa. (Paper presented at the AIDS Conference, Mexico City, 3-8 August).
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Mindry, D., Maman, S., Chirowodza, A., Muravha, T., Van Rooyen, H. & Coates, T. (2011) Looking to the future: South African men and women negotiating HIV risk and relationship intimacy. Culture, Health & Sexuality. 13(5):589-602.
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This paper examines the approaches heterosexual men and women in South Africa use to engage their partners in discussions of HIV and risk factors in their relationships. These strategies entail balancing the risks of infection while managing the challenges of maintaining a relationship. In a context in which there is a great deal of insecurity in relationships it is especially challenging to di...
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Mwaba, K., Simbayi, L.C. & Kalichman, S.C. (2008) Perceptions of high-risk sex among men and women attending an STI clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Psychology in Africa. 18(4):621-624.
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The widespread occurrence of sexually transmitted infections (STI's) among young adults in South Africa suggests that there is a need to increase safe sex practices among those who are sexually active. Given the high rate of HIV infection in the country, individuals who have contracted an STI may be at greatest risk of HIV. The present study sought to establish the perceptions of men and women ...
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Naidoo, D. (2010) Book review: Reddy, V., Sandfort, T., Rispel, L. (eds). 2009. From social silence to social science: same-sex sexuality, HIV & AIDS and gender in South Africa: conference proceedings. Cape Town: HSRC Press. 252 pp. ISBN: 978-0-7969-2276-2. Sahara J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS. 7(2):85-86.
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Naidoo, P., Adams, S., Rinquest-Arends, Z., Omar, N., Dirks, D. & Osman, A. (2010) The relationships between socio-demographic factors, high-risk behaviours & clinical depression in HIV positive individuals in a public health clinic. (Paper presented at the Psychological Society of South Africa Conference, Durban, 4-6 July).
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Ndinda, C., Uzodike, U.O., Chimbwete, C. & Mgeyana, M.T.M. (2011) Gendered perceptions of sexual behaviour in rural South Africa. International Journal of Family Medicine. April:Online.
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This paper discusses sexual behaviour findings collected through eleven homogenous focus group discussions conducted among
women and men in a predominantly Zulu population in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The objective of this paper is to shed
light on sexual behaviour in a rural community. The findings suggest that sex is a taboo subject and the discussion around it is
concealed in the...
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Ngubane, T., Van Rooyen, H., Richter, L. & Coates, T. (2008) Innovative mobilization strategies for attracting at risk youth and young adults to participate in community-based voluntary counselling and testing in rural Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa (Project Accept - HPTN 043). (Poster presented at the XVII International AIDS Conference, Mexico City, 3-8 August).
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Onoya, D., Reddy, P., Ruiter, R., Sifunda, S., Wingood, G. & Van den Borne, B. (2011) Psychosocial correlates of condom use consistency among isixhosa-speaking women living with HIV in the western Cape province of South Africa. Journal of Health Psychology. June:Online.
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Many HIV-positive South African women continue to have unprotected sex. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess correlates of condom use consistency among Xhosa-speaking HIV-positive women in South Africa. One hundred and twenty women were recruited from five primary care clinics and completed a questionnaire. Regression analyses indicated that assertive negotiation and self efficac...
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Onoya, D., Reddy, P., Sifunda, S., Wingwood, G.M., Van den Borne, B. & Ruiter, R.A.C. (2010) Barriers to recruitment and retention of HIV negative black South African women into behavioural HIV prevention programs. (Poster presented at the 6th PHASA 2010 Conference, 29 November-1 December).
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Onoya, D., Reddy, P., Sifunda, S., Lang, D., Wingwood, G., Van den Borne, B. & Ruiter, R. (2010) Comparing STI risk and sexual behaviour profiles of pregnant versus non-pregnant, HIV negative black South African women. WebmedCentral Public Health. 1(11):Online.
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Background: In South Africa more HIV prevention efforts are focused on HIV positive and particularly pregnant women compared HIV negative and non pregnant woman. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare the STI prevalence and sexual behaviours between HIV negative black women who attend HIV VCT services during antenatal care and their non pregnant counterparts.
Methods: A ...
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Parker, S. (2010) Risk group or group at risk. Lambert Academic Publishing.
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Young adults are at growing risk of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases in South Africa. This study aimed to ascertain the general prevalence of risk behavior practices among younger members of the high school community in the greater Cape Town area. Behaviors were assessed along 3 areas of risk: alcohol use, narcotic use and sexual contact. The study consisted of 475 grades 8, 9 a...
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Peltzer, K., Davids, A. & Njuho, P. (2011) Alcohol use and problem drinking in South Africa: findings from a national population-based survey. African Journal of Psychiatry. 14:30-37.
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Objective: This study formed part of the South African National HIV, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication (SABSSM) 2008 survey, which included questions assessing the extent of alcohol use and problem drinking among South Africans. Method: A multistage random population sample of 15 828 persons aged 15 or older (56.3% women) was included in the survey. Alcohol use was assessed using the Alcoh...
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Peltzer, K., Davids, A. & Njuho, P. (2011) Binge drinking: catch it early. HSRC Review. 9(1):15.
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A survey of South Africans' habits highlights the need for early interventions to address the growing scourge of alcohol abuse, KARL PELTZER, ALICIA DAVIDS and PETER NJUHO maintain.
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Peltzer, K. (2011) Early smoking initiation and associated factors among in-school male and female adolescents in seven African countries. African Health Sciences. 11(2):320-328.
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This report examines the prevalence of and common correlates of early smoking initiation among male and female school children across seven African countries. The total sample included 17725 school children aged 13 to 15 years from nationally representative samples from seven African countries. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between early smoking...
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Peltzer, K., Vallieres, E.F. & Tabane, C. (2011) HIV knowledge, risk perception and risk behaviour among male ex-offenders in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Gender and Behaviour. 9(2):3870-3885.
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The aim of this study is to investigate HIV knowledge, beliefs and HIV risk behaviours among ex-offenders in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. A sample of 85 male ex-offenders conveniently selected from an ex-offenders organization were interviewed with a structured and open-ended questionnaire. Results indicate good overall HIV knowledge but also significant misconceptions such as 45.9% belie...
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Peltzer, K., Simbayi, L., Banyini, M. & Kekana, Q. (2011) HIV risk reduction intervention among medically circumcised young men in South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. June:Online.
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Medical male circumcision (MMC) is now considered one of the best available evidence-based biomedical HIV prevention interventions. However, there is some concern about risks for behavioural disinhibition, or risk compensation, following MMC. The aim of this study was to test a brief one-session (180 min) group culturally tailored HIV risk reduction counselling intervention among men undergoing...
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Peltzer, K., Simbayi, L., Banyini, M. & Kekana, Q. (2011) HIV risk reduction intervention among traditionally circumcised young men in South Africa: a cluster randomized control trial. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. March:Online.
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The aim of this study was to test a 180-minute group HIV risk-reduction counseling intervention trial with men undergoing traditional circumcision in South Africa to reduce behavioral disinhibition (false security) as a result of the procedure. A cluster randomized controlled trial design was employed using a sample of 160 men, 80 in the experimental group and 80 in the control group. Compariso...
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Peltzer, K. & Pengpid, S. (2011) Prevalence and social correlates of sexual intercourse among school-going adolescents in Thailand. The Scientific World Journal. 11:1812-1820.
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Adolescent sexuality is a relevant public health issue, as it affects risk to contract HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. The assessment of prevalence of sexual intercourse among adolescents may guide policies and programmes aimed at reducing the transmission of sexually transmitted infections among this age group. Using data from the Thailand Global School-Based
Student Health Sur...
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Peltzer, K. (2010) Chronic diseases risk factors and access to health exams among women in South Africa. (Paper presented at the International Conference on Early Disease Detection and Prevention (EDDP), Munich, Germany, 25-28 February).
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Peltzer, K. (2010) Chronic diseases risk factors and access to health exams among women in South Africa. Gender and Behaviour. 8(1):2618-2628.
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Using data from the World Health Survey (WHS) carried out in South Africa in 2003, the aim of this study is to establish chronic diseases risk factors and access to preventive exams for cervical and breast cancer among South African women. The sample included in this analysis included 1236 women 18 years and above. Results indicate that the most prevalent risk factors were never having had mamm...
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Peltzer, K., Mzolo, T., Mbelle, N., Tsoai, L., Lewa, N. & Ncitakalo, N. (2010) Dual protection, contraceptive use, HIV status and risk among a national sample of South African women. Gender and Behaviour. 8(1):2833-2845.
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The aim of this study was to investigate dual protection, contraceptive use, HIV status risk among a national sample of South African women. The final sample included only female participants (N=4675) who reported to have had sexual intercourse in the past 12 months aged 15 to 49 years. Results indicate that almost one thirds (31.7%) of the participants indicate that they were protected from bo...
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Peltzer, K. (2010) Early sexual debut and associated factors among in-school adolescents in eight African countries. Acta Paediatrica. 99:1242-1247.
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Objective: This report examines early sexual debut (
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Peltzer, K. (2010) Early sexual debut and associated factors among in-school adolescents in eight African countries. (Paper presented at the XXth Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP), Melbourne, 7-10 July).
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Peltzer, K. (2010) Health behaviour interventions in developing countries. (Paper presented at ICAP, Melbourne).
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Peltzer, K., Tabane, C., Matseke, G. & Simbayi, L. (2010) Lay counsellor-based risk reduction intervention with HIV positive diagnosed patients at public HIV counselling and testing sites in Mpumalanga, South Africa*. Evaluation and Program Planning. 33:379-385.
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Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, fidelity, and effect of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction intervention delivered to HIV-infected patients by lay counsellors during routine HIV counselling and testing (HCT) public service in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Methods: A total of 488 HIV infected patients, aged 18 years and older, receiving HCT service at clinics in Mpumalanga, r...
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Peltzer, K., Tabane, C., Matseke, G. & Simbayi, L. (2010) Lay counsellor-based risk reduction intervention with HIV positive diagnosed patients at public HIV counselling and testing sites in Mpumalanga, South Africa. (Paper presented at the 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP), Melbourne, 11-16 July).
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Peltzer, K. & Ramlagan, S. (2010) Safer sexual behaviours after 1 year of antiretroviral treatment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a prospective cohort study. Sexual Health. 7:135-141.
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Abstract. Background: As antiretroviral treatment (ART) becomes more widely available in low and middle income countries, the relationship between treatment and sexual risk behaviour in these countries has also become more important. Methods: This is a prospective study of all treatment-naive patients (n = 735) recruited from all three public hospitals in Uthukela health district in KwaZulu-Nat...
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Peltzer, K., Phaswana-Mafuya, N., Mzolo, T., Tabane, C. & Zuma, K. (2010) Sexual behaviour, HIV status, and HIV risk among older South Africans. Studies on Ethno-medicine. 4(3):163-172.
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The aim of this study was to conduct a secondary analysis on sexual behaviour, HIV status and HIV risk and co-morbidity among older South Africans using the South African 2005 HIV prevalence and behaviour survey. A multistage probability nationally representative sample involving 3795 male and female respondents, aged 50 years or older was selected. About 41.1% had been
sexually active in the ...
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Peltzer, K. & Ramlagan, S. (2009) Alcohol use trends in South Africa. Journal of Social Sciences. 18(1):1-12.
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The purpose of this review is to synthesize the prevalence data from five national surveys and local surveys on alcohol use in South Africa over the past 12 years. Systematic review. Results indicate that life time, current (past month) use and binge drinking remained similar over the years for both adolescents and adults. Binge drinking was between 7-11% and risky drinking also remained stable...
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Peltzer, K., Simbayi, L., Kalichman, S., Jooste, S., Cloete, A. & Mbelle, N. (2009) Drug use and HIV risk behaviour in three urban South African communities. Journal of Social Sciences. 18(2):143-149.
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The present study assesses drug usage and HIV risk using a modified version of the Drug Abuse Screening Test, Short Form (DAST-10) for substances other than alcohol among a sample of urban South African dwellers. Results indicate that the prevalence of (more than once) illicit drug use was 25% for cannabis, followed by methamphetamine (Tik) (7.3%), mandrax (5.4%), pills from the street (3.3%) ...
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Peltzer, K., Banyini, M., Simbayi, L. & Kalichman, S. (2009) Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about male circumcision and HIV by traditional and medical providers of male circumcision and traditionally and medically circumcised men in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Gender and Behaviour. 7(2):2394-2429.
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The aims of this study in Mpumalanga, South Africa, are to assess (1) the current behavioural risk reduction messages and HIV/AIDS education provided by medical and traditional providers of male circumcision to men undergoing medical and traditional circumcision and (2) the risk-related behavioural beliefs regarding circumcision, HIV/AIDS risks, condoms and gender attitudes among men who have u...
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Peltzer, K., Tabane, C., Matseke, G. & Simbayi, L. (2009) Lay counsellor-based risk reduction intervention with HIV negative diagnosed patients at HIV counselling and testing sites in a rural South African setting. Journal of Psychology in Africa. 19(4):541-548.
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The study evaluated the feasibility, fidelity, and effectiveness of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention
intervention delivered to HIV-uninfected patients by lay counsellors during routine HIV counselling and testing (HCT)
service in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Participants were 543 HIV negative diagnosed persons (males =383, females =163,
age range=18 - 68). They were assessed at b...
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Peltzer, K. & Kanta, X. (2009) Medical circumcision and manhood initiation rituals in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: a post intervention evaluation. Culture, Health & Sexuality. 11(1):83-97.
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The objective of this study were first, to report the adverse events reported following male circumcision performed by medical professionals after a one-day training workshop, second to report on the attitudes towards, beliefs surrounding and experiences regarding circumcision and initiation, the third to assess the HIV-risk behavior of young men attending initiation schools post medical circum...
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Peltzer, K. (2009) Self-reported diabetes prevalance and risk factors in South Africa: results from the world health survey. Journal of Psychology in Africa. 19(3):365-370.
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Using the data from the South African World Health Survey (WHS), the current study aims to assess the self-reported prevalence of diabetes and associated risk factors by socio-economic characteristics in South Africa. A population-based survey was conducted in South Africa in 2003. Results indicate an overall self-reported diabetes prevalence of 9.1 %, 7.1 % for men and 10.8% for women.
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Peltzer, K., Nqeketo, A., Petros, G. & Kanta, X. (2008) Attitudes of preinitiates towards traditional male circumcision in the context of HIV in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Social Behavior and Personality. 36(8):1023-1034.
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The aim of this study was to assess attitudes of preinitiates towards traditional Male Circumcision (MC) in the context of HIV. The sample included 350 Xhosa preinitiates recruited from 3 different recruitment sites during the preparation prior to MC in the Eastern
Cape province. Results indicated that: 10% were to be circumcised before their sexual debut and reported a great deal of sexual ri...
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Peltzer, K. (2008) Drug involvement among secondary school students at suicide risk in Cape Town. Studia Psychologica. 50(3):323-334.
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The aim of this study is to investigate drug involvement (conceptualized as drug use frequency, drug access, drug use control, and adverse use consequences) in a sample of 1157 secondary school students at low and at high risk of suicide who completed a self-administered questionnaire in three schools in Cape Town, South Africa. Drug use frequency, access, control and consequences were compare...
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Peltzer, K. (2008) Injury and social determinants among in-school adolescents in six African countries. Injury Prevention. 14:381-388.
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There is a lack of data on injury and its social correlates among in-school adolescents in Africa. The objectives of this study was to estimate the prevalence of injury among adolescents in six African countries, and to examine the consistency of associations cross-nationally between socio-demographics, social risk factors, and the occurrence of adolescent injury in Africa.
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Peltzer, K. (2008) Screening and brief advice for risky substance users among charismatic and main stream churches in South Africa. Journal of Psychology in Africa. 18(4):631-636.
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The aim of the study was to investigate screening and brief advice for risky substance users among charismatic and main stream churches in South Africa. The sample included 117 clergy (63 from charismatic and 54 from mainstream churches) chosen randomly from exiting lists of 98 churches in Vhembe district in South Africa. Results indicate that clergy have pastoral counselling interactions with ...
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Peltzer, K. (2008) Screening and brief advice for risky substance users among churches in South Africa. (Paper presented at INEBRIA 2008, Ribeir?o Preto, Brazil, 9 October).
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Peltzer, K., Simbayi, L., Kalichman, S., Jooste, S., Cloete, A. & Mbelle, N. (2007) Alcohol use in three different inner cities in South Africa: AUDIT-C and CAGE. Journal of Psychology in Africa. 17(1):99-104.
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The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of risky drinking among a general urban population survey in South Africa with the help of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) scores, CAGE (Cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye-opener) scores and compare scores with calculated risky drinking in terms of weekly alcohol consumption or heavy episodic drinking. This study showed a grea...
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Peltzer, K., Matseke, G. & Babor, T. (2007) Implementation of primary care alcohol screening, brief interventions and referral as routine practice in PHC in South Africa. (Paper presented to the First Asian International Conference on Humanized Health Care, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 3 December).
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Peltzer, K. & Pengpid, S. (2008) Sexual abuse, violence and HIV risk among adolescents in South Africa. Gender and Behaviour. 6(1):1462-1278.
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The aim of the study is to investigate sexual abuse, violence and HIV risk among a sample of South African adolescents. The sample included 400 male and 400 female 16 or 17 year-olds; 400 were from rural and 400 from urban areas, and almost all from African descent. Participants were chosen by multi-stage cluster and quota sampling. Results indicate high rates of sexual and physical violence,...
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Petersen, I., Flisher, A.J. & Bhana, A. (2010) Afterword: cross-cutting issues central to mental health promotion in scarce-resource contexts. In: Petersen, I., Bhana, A., Flisher, A.J., Swartz, L. & Richter, L. (eds). Promoting mental health in scarce-resource contexts: emerging evidence and practice. Cape Town: HSRC Press. 208-213.
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Mental ill-health is a product of many interacting risk and protective factors in a number of domains, including genetics, family environment, nutrition, education, income, housing and social conditions. In order to break the intergenerational cycle of poverty and mental ill-health in scarce-resource contexts, developmentally timed interventions across the lifespan are needed to mediate positi...
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Phaswana-Mafuya, N., Hoosain, E.Y., Davids, A., Chirinda, W., Swana, Z., Mlambo, G., Guquka, L. & Rogers, S.J. (2012) Community dialogues as a method to discuss and reduce multiple concurrent partnerships in Lesotho: executive summary. (Commissioned by USAID and C-Change, January).
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HIV prevalence among adults ages 15-9 in Lesotho was estimated at 23.2 percent in 2008, the third highest in the world. That year, an estimated 270,000 people were living with HIV in the country, and 60 died each day from AIDS complications. The practice of concurrent sexual partnerships or 'concurrency' (UNAIDS 2009) is considered to be linked to between 32 percent and 59 percent of all new HI...
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Phaswana-Mafuya, N., Hoosain, E., Davids, A., Chirinda, W., Swana, Z., Mlambo, G., Guquka, L. & Rogers, S. (2012) Mid-term qualitative assessment of participants' experiences and perceptions of community dialogues as a way to discuss and affect concurrent sexual partnership practices in Lesotho: an executive summary. (Commissioned by USAID, March).
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The HIV prevalence rate among adults aged 15-49 in Lesotho was estimated at 23.2% in 2008 (Khobotle et al, 2009), making it the third highest in the world. It is estimated that there are around 270,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in the country, with 60 people dying every day from AIDS complications. Evidence suggests that Multiple Concurrent Partnerships (MCP) constitute a significant driver ...
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Phaswana-Mafuya, N. & Davids, A. (2011) Drinking and driving and other risk taking behaviours among university students in South Africa. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance (AJPHERD). 17(4):753-761.
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This study assesses the relationship between drinking and driving and other risk taking behaviours among university students in Limpopo, South Africa aged 17 to 24 years.
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Phaswana-Mafuya, N., Peltzer, K. & Davids, A. (2009) Intimate partner violence and HIV risk among women in primary health care delivery services in a South African setting. Journal of Psychology in Africa. 19(3):379-386.
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The aim of this study is to investigate intimate partner violence and HIV risk among antenatal care attendees at primary health care facilities in a South African setting.
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Phaswana-Mafuya, N. (2009) Preliminary findings from a longitudinal cohort of individuals aged 50+: health risk behaviour and NCD prevalence. (Paper presented at the sub-Saharan Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases Seminar, University of Copenhagen, Denmark).
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Pillay, V., Phaswana-Mafuya, N., van Wyk, B.E., Simbayi, L. & Rehle, T. (2006) National household survey 2005: HIV prevalence and risky sexual behavior among South African youth. (Paper presented at the 15th Meeting of the Australasian Epidemiological Association, Melbourne).
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Reddy, V. & Sandfort, T. (2008) Researching MSM in South Africa: some preliminary notes from the frontlines of a hidden epidemic. Feminist Africa. 11:29-54.
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This article outlines some views on researching MSM (men who have sex with men) in South Africa based, in part, on insights gleaned from a recent working conference on gender, same-sex sexuality and HIV/AIDS in South Africa. The core concern is understanding what research processes should consider in future MSM research in relation to community knowledge, community
participation and the desig...
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Richter, L., Dawes, A. & De Kadt, J. (2010) Early childhood. In: Petersen, I., Bhana, A., Flisher, A.J., Swartz, L. & Richter, L. (eds). Promoting mental health in scarce-resource contexts: emerging evidence and practice. Cape Town: HSRC Press. 99-123.
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The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of effective interventions aimed at the prevention of mental disorders and reduction of risk in early childhood, to promote child and adult well-being in scarce-resource contexts. The focus is on preschool children, that is, children under five years of age. Major risks to child mental health in this period are outlined and, as in the other ch...
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Rispel, L., Cloete, A., Metcalf, C. & Moody, K. (2009) Exploring coping strategies and life choices made by HIV-discordant couples in long-term relationships: insights from South Africa, Tanzania and the Ukraine: full report. (Funded by the World Health Organisation, via the Global Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (GNP+), June).
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Globally, HIV prevention and treatment programmes have tended to focus on individuals and HIV prevention programmes have focused mostly on HIV-negative individuals. In recent years, an increasing number of HIV prevention programmes have been established that target HIV-positive individuals to prevent them from becoming re-infected with additional HIV strains, and to prevent HIV transmission to ...
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Rispel, L., Metcalf, C., Cloete, A., Reddy, V., Townsend, L. & Zembe, Y. (2009) The Johannesburg/eThewkini Men's Study (JEMS): a rapid assessment of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa: technical report. (Commissioned by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID), February).
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Because of the highly confidential status of this report no abstract is available.
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Rispel, L., Cloete, A., Metcalf, C. & Moody, K. (2008) Exploring coping strategies and life choices made by HIV-discordant couples in long-term relationships. (Paper presented at the Wits Faculty Research Conference, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 18 August 2008).
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Rispel, L., Metcalf, C., Cloete, A., Townsend, L. & Zembe, Y. (2008) Methodological and ethical challenges in conducting behavioural and HIV surveillance among men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa. (Paper presented at NICD epi-discussion forum, 9 September).
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Rispel, L.C., Metcalf, C.A., Cloete, A., Reddy, V. & Lombard, C. (2011) HIV prevalence and risk practices among men who have sex with men in two South African cities. JAIDS - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 57(1):69-76.
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Background: In South Africa, information on HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) is limited, and HIV prevention programs for men MSM are not widely available, despite global evidence that MSM are at substantial risk for HIV infection.
The Johannesburg/eThekwini Men's Study was conducted during 2008 to provide information on HIV among MSM in Johannesburg and Durban.
Methods: MSM aged 18 y...
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Rispel, L.C., Metcalf, C.A., Moody, K., Cloete, A. & Caswell, G. (2011) Sexual relations and childbearing decisions of HIV-discordant couples: an exploratory study in South Africa and Tanzania. Reproductive Health Matters. 19(37):184-193.
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This article reports on the influence of HIV on sexual relations and childbearing decisions of 36 HIV-discordant couples, 26 in South Africa and 10 in Tanzania, recruited into an exploratory study through hospital antiretroviral treatment clinics and civil society organisations working with people living with HIV. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain social and demographic infor...
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Rispel, L.C., Metcalf, C.A., Cloete, A., Moorman, J. & Reddy, V. (2011) You became afraid to tell them that you are gay: health service utilization by men who have sex with men in South African cities. Journal of Public Health Policy. 32(S1):S137-S151.
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We describe the utilization of health services by men who have sex with men (MSM) in South African cities, their perceptions of available health services, and their service preferences. We triangulated data from 32 key informant interviews (KIIs), 18 focus group discussions (FGDs) with MSM in four cities, and a survey of 285 MSM in two cities, recruited through respondentdriven
sampling in 200...
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Sandfort, T.G.M., Nel, J., Rich, E., Reddy, V. & Yi, H. (2008) HIV testing and self-reported HIV status in South African men who have sex with men: results from a community-based survey. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 84:425-429.
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Objective: To investigate the characteristics of South African men who have sex with men (MSM) who (1) have been tested for HIV and (2) are HIV positive. Methods: Data were collected from 1045 MSM in community surveys using questionnaires that were
administered either face-to-face, by mail or on the internet. The mean age of the men was 29.9 years. The race distribution was 35.3% black, 17.0%...
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Setswe, G. (2009) Behavior change theories and models. (Paper presented at the SBI Workshop, 29 March).
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Setswe, G., Simbayi, L., Rehle, T., Zuma, K., Van Zyl, J. & Kekana, Q. (2009) HIV incidence, prevalence and behavioural risk survey among Gauteng provincial government employees. (Paper presented to the Gauteng Department of Health, 2 March).
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Setswe, G. (2009) Interventions and strategies for changing HIV-related behaviours. (Paper presented at the SBI Workshop, SAHARA Conference, 30 November).
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Setswe, G. (2009) Review of behavioural interventions and strategies for changing HIV-related behaviours. (Paper presented at the SBI Workshop, 29 March).
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Setswe, G. (2008) Behavior change theories and models. (Paper presented at the SBI Workshop, 24 November).
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Setswe, G. (2008) Evidence that behavioural interventions work. (Paper presented at the SBI Workshop, 26 November).
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Setswe, G. (2008) Theoretical basis for behavioural interventions and strategies to change HIV-related behaviours. (Paper presented at SBI Workshop, 24 November).
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Setswe, K.G. & Zuma, K. (2011) Abstinence among SA youth: is there buy-in?. HSRC Review. 9(1):13-14.
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The goals of the five-year Abstinence and Be Faithful Among Youth (ABY) project were to bolster abstinence, faithfulness and the avoidance of unhealthy sexual behaviour among youths. KEITSHEPILE GEOFFREY SETSWE and KHANGELANI ZUMA conducted a quantitative baseline evaluation of the ABY project in five South African cities, with data collected from 1 620 respondents just before the ABY intervent...
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Setswe, K.G. & Zuma, K. (2010) Young South Africans' views on, and perceptions of, abstinence and faithfulness. Health SA Gesondheid. 15(1):Online.
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The goals of the Abstinence and Be Faithful Among Youth (ABY) project were to enhance local responses among the youth in South Africa to prevent HIV infection through encouraging abstinence, faithfulness and avoidance of unhealthy sexual behaviour among youths over a five-year period. A quantitative baseline evaluation of the ABY project was conducted in five cities in South Africa. Data were c...
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Shisana, O., Simbayi, L.C., Rehle, T., Zungu, N.P., Zuma, K., Ngogo, N., Jooste, S., Pillay-van Wyk, V., Parker, W., Pezi, S., Davids, A., Nwanyanwu, O., Dinh, T.H. & SABSSM III Implementation Team, (2010) South African national HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour and communication survey, 2008: the health of our children. Cape Town: HSRC Press.
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Understanding the general health status of children aged 18 years and below in relation to the HIV epidemic is paramount in South Africa - a country that has both the highest number of adults and children living with HIV/AIDS in the world.
In this cardinal report, research findings from a population-based household survey are presented on the general health status of infants, children, and a...
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Shisana, O., Connolly, C., Rehle, T.M., Mehtar, S. & Dana, P. (2008) HIV risk exposure among South African children in public health facilities. AIDS Care. 20(7):755-763.
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The study investigates the risk exposure to HIV infection among South African children aged 2-9 years served by public health services. Together with their biological mothers, 3471 children and were recruited from inpatient and outpatient children in the Free State Province. Blood samples were taken by professional nurses and a history taken of exposure factors associated with HIV transmission....
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Shonkoff, J.P., Richter, L., van der Gaag, J. & Bhutta, Z.A. (2012) An integrated scientific framework for child survival and early childhood development. Pediatrics. 129(2):1-13.
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Building a strong foundation for healthy development in the early years of life is a prerequisite for individual well-being, economic productivity, and harmonious societies around the world. Growing scientific evidence also demonstrates that social and physical environments that threaten human development (because of scarcity, stress, or instability) can lead to short-term physiologic and psych...
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Simbayi, L., Peltzer, K., Banyini, M. & Kekana, Q. (2011) Phaphama male circumcision yizo HIV risk reduction intervention among medically circumcised young men in South Africa: a randomized control trial. (Paper presented at the 10th AIDS Impact Conference, Sante Fe, New Mexico, 12-15 September).
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Simbayi, L. (2009) The challenges of MCP prevention in South Africa. (Paper presented to a roundtable discussion on Sex, soaps and sensationalism!: Multiple and Concurrent Partnerships in the Popular Media, Goethe-Institut, Johannesburg, 4 March).
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Simbayi, L. (2009) South African national HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour and communication survey, 2008: a turning tide among teenagers?. (Paper presented at the AIDS Impact Conference, Gaborone, Botswana, September).
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Simbayi, L., Shisana, O., Chauveau, J. & Ramlagan, S. (2003) Abstract: Determinants of the use of voluntary counselling and testing services among the sexually active adult population of South Africa. Antiviral therapy. 8 (1):223-224.
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Simbayi, L.C. (2010) Phaphama interventions to reduce both alcohol use and HIV/STI risks. (Paper presented to the UNESCO's Interdisciplinary Working Group on Culture & HIV/AIDS, Maputo, 20 May).
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Simbayi, L.C. (2009) Behaviour changes in sexual behavioural practices among South African youth. (Paper presented at the AIDS Impact Conference, Gaborone, Botswana, September).
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Simbayi, L.C. (2007) Behavioural change interventions including positive prevention for reducing the risk of HIV infection in South Africa. (Paper presented at the NSP Civil Society Conference, held at the Emperor's Palace in Ekurhuleni on 26-27 November).
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Simbayi, L.C. (2007) Brief HIV risk reduction intervention for sexually transmitted infection clinic patients who use alcohol in Cape Town.
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Simbayi, L.C., Kalichman, S.C., Strebel, A., Cloete, A., Henda, N. & Mqeketo, A. (2007) Disclosure of HIV status to sex partners and sexual risk behaviours amongh HIV-positive men and women, Cape Town, South Africa. Sexually transmitted infections. 83:29-34.
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The HIV epidemic continues to amplify in southern Africa and there is a growing need for HIV prevention interventions among people who have tested HIV positive.
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Simbayi, L.C. (2007) Introduction to the South African Human Sciences Research Council's (HSRC) and its Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health (SAHA) research Programme and the South African HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour and communication survey 2005. (Paper presented to the Australian Research Centre on Sex, Health and Society, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, 27 July).
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Simbayi, L.C. (2007) Methamphetamine use and sexual risks for HIV infection in Cape Town, South Africa. (Paper presented at the 4th IAS Conference on HIV Pathenogeneis, Treatment and Prevention, Sydney, Australia, 22-25 July).
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Simbayi, L.C. (2007) Methamphetamine use and sexual risks for HIV infection in Cape Town, South Africa. (Paper presented to the UCT School of Public Health & Family Medicine Noon Meeting, UCT Medical School).
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Simbayi, L.C. (2007) Morbidity, social support, depression and HIV risk behaviour among PLWHA on ARV treatment in Cape Town, South Africa. (Paper presented at the HSRC Research Conference, Birchwood Conference Centre, Benoni, 27-28 September).
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Simbayi, L.C. (2007) The Phaphama HIV and alcohol risk reduction intervention in Cape Town, South Africa: results of two pilot trails conducted in a clinic and a community setting. (Presentation to the National Development and Research Institutes, Inc (NDRI)'s Center for Drug Use and HIV Research (CDUHR)'s Social Core Theory Core, New York City, United States of America, 27 August).
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Simbayi, L.C. (2007) Positive prevention: reducing HIV transmission among PLWHA. (Paper presented at the Emperors Palace, Ekurhuleni, 10-11 May).
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Simbayi, L.C., Jooste, S., Mwaba, K., Managa, A., Zuma, K. & Mbelle, N.M. (2006) Behaviourial risks and HIV sero-status household survey in the Klerksdorp district of South Africa: a baseline study. Cape Town: HSRC Press.
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Simbayi, L.C., Kalichman, S.C., Cain, D., Cherry, C., Henda, N. & Cloete, A. (2006) Methamphetamine use and sexual risks for HIV infection in Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of substance use. 11(4):291-300.
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The current study examined the use of methamphetamine (Meth) in relation to HIV risks in a South African community sample. Design and setting: Street intercept methods were used to collect surveys of substance use and sexual behavior from 441 men and 521 women living in a racially mixed township in Cape Town South Africa. Findings: Results showed that 78 (18%) men and 63 (12%) women had used Me...
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Swartz, S., Naidoo, P., Bray, R., Sanger, N., Garzouzie, G., Peltzer, K., Ramlagan, S., Mlambo, M., Louw, J.S., Mchunu, G., Zuma, K., Seutlwadi, L., Tutshana, B., Matseke, G., Chirinda, W., Njuho, P. & Satekge, M. (2012) Evaluating the value that young people attach to LoveLife and investigating factors impacting the life choices and risk tolerance of youth. (Commissioned by LoveLife, February).
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There is no abstract available due to the confidential status of the report.
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Swartz, S. & Bhana, A. (2009) Teenage tata: young fathers take responsibility. HSRC Review. 7(3):4-5.
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Discussions around teenage pregnancy have to date focused on young mothers. However, in keeping with the HSRC's focus on fatherhood, a new study highlights the voices and experiences of young fathers in poor communities, report Sharlene Swartz and Arvin Bhana.
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Tabane, C., Peltzer, K. & Phaweni, K. (2010) Perceptions, attitudes and risky behaviours associated with blood borne and sexually transmitted infections (BSTI) among male ex-offenders in South Africa. (Paper presented at the National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Cote d' Ivoire, 16-17 February).
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Tabane, C., Peltzer, K., Matseke, G. & Simbayi, L. (2010) Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) site-based brief HIV behavioural risk reduction counselling for HIV negative and HIV positive clients at HIV counselling and testing sites in Mpumalanga, South Africa. (Paper presented at the National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Cote d' Ivoire, 16-17 February).
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Tabane, C., Phaswana-Mafuya, N., Davids, A.S. & Mbelle, N. (2009) 'Die mense sal dit nog aanvaar': perceptions of teenage pregnancy in South Africa. (Paper presented at the HSRC Social Sciences Research Conference, Birchwood Conference Centre, Benoni, 16 -17 September).
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Tajudeen, L.O., Pengpid, S. & Peltzer, K. (2011) HIV knowledge, attitudes, and sexual behaviour among tourism workers in Gauteng province, South Africa. Journal of Human Ecology. 36(2):103-110.
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The aim of this study was to determine tourism workers' knowledge, attitudes, and sexual behaviour related to HIV and AIDS. A survey was administered to tourism workers (n=338) from all the hotels and resorts randomly sampled in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Results indicate a medium level of HIV transmission knowledge and high HIV risk behaviour (lack of condom use, casual and multiple sexua...
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Tian, L.H., Peterman, T.A., Tao, G., Brooks, L.C., Metcalf, C., Malotte, C.K., Paul, S.M., Douglas, J.M. & Respect-2 Study Group, (2008) Heterosexual anal sex activity in the year after an STD clinic visit. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 35(11):905-909.
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Objectives: To describe heterosexual anal sex activity during a year and to identify factors associated with heterosexual anal sex and condom use during anal sex. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a trial conducted in 3 public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. Patients described sexual behaviors every 3-months for the year. Logistic regression models with generalized estimating...
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Tsheko, G.N., Odorile, L.W., Bainame, K., Segwabe, M., Nair, P.S. & Ntshebe, O. (2007) Household survey of behavioural risks and HIV sero-status in two districts in Botswana: a baseline study. Cape Town: HSRC Press.
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This report presents the findings of the Behavioural Risks and HIV Sero-Status Survey (BSS) for the Central Serowe Sub-district and Kweneng District in Botswana. The purpose of the survey was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, sexual behaviours, practices, prevention, care and support issues concerning HIV/AIDS among the population in the Central Serowe Sub-district and Kweneng District. Sp...
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Van der Merwe, A. & Dawes, A. (2007) Youth violence risk assessment: gaps in local knowledge and directions for future research. Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 19(1):57-64.
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There is a lack of research on violence risk assessment in South Africa, particularly on the assessment of risk for violence in children and adolescents. This is problematic because of the strong association between conducting sound assessments and the appropriate referral of youths to intervention programmes. Considering the very high levels of violence in our country, the effective treatment ...
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Van Rooyen, H., Durrheim, K. & Lindegger, G. (2011) Advice-giving difficulties in voluntary counselling and testing: a distinctly moral activity. AIDS Care. 23(3):281-286.
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Advice-giving in voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) is demanding as it involves the discussion of difficult topics such as the morality of sexual risk and behaviour. We conducted a detailed exploration of how the giving and receiving of advice is managed in VCT, and how this is achieved against the backdrop of the competing public health and counselling imperatives that shape VCT practice....
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Van Wyk, B., Kleintjes, S., Ramlagan, S. & Peltzer, K. (2007) Rapid appraisal of substance abuse and HIV awareness messages in poster communication to disadvantaged youth in South Africa. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance (AJPHERD). 13(3):341-356.
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In this study the authors explore the responses of youth from selected disadvantaged urban communities in Gauteng province, South Africa, to a poster dealing with the topic of substance abuse and HIV/AIDS. The study involved focus group discussions with 73, 10-18 year olds chosen by quota sampling from a high school, primary school, secure youth care centre and two homes for safety. The parti...
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Vermaak, R., Simbayi, L.C., Kalichman, S.C., Cain, D. & Jooste, S. (2008) Alcohol expectancies and risky drinking among men and women at high-risk for HIV infection in Cape Town, South Africa. (Paper presented at the International AIDS Conference, Mexico City, 4 August).
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Objectives: This study examined the differential patterns of alcohol outcome expectancies in relation to drinking before sex and having sex partners who drink before sex.
Methods: A sample of 614 men and 158 women sexually transmitted infections clinic patients in Cape Town South Africa participated in a survey as part of another study.
Results: Hierarchical regressions, controlling for a...
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Zuma, K., Mzolo, T. & Makonko, E. (2011) Determinants of age at sexual debut and associated risks among South African youths. African Journal of AIDS Research. 10(3):189-194.
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The research uses data from a representative national survey to explore the determinants of age at sexual debut among South African youths in the age group 15-24 years. A random sample of 5 708 youths were interviewed and 92% responded to questions on whether or not they had ever had sex and their age at first sex for those who had. The research used survival analyses techniques to combine 'cu...
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