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| DIRECTORIES | |  | Research output keywords | | | HIV TESTING AND COUNSELLING (HTC) | |
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Agu, V.U. (2010) The development of harmonized minimum standards for guidance on HIV testing and counselling and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in the SADC region: PMTCT country report: Mauritius. (March).
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The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Mauritius is concentrated, characterized by prevalence below 1% among the general population and a higher prevalence of generally above 5% in specific vulnerable groups such as commercial sex workers (CSWs) and injecting drug users (IDUs).
The country is experiencing a rapid increase in incidence due to the high vulnerability of IDU. During recent years, the epidemi...
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Agu, V.U. (2010) The development of harmonized minimum standards for guidance on HIV testing and counselling and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in the SADC region: PMTCT country report: South Africa. (March).
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Using data drawn for various sources, Rehle et al. (in press) summarised the HIV and PMTCT situation in South Africa as follows. In South Africa, HIV prevalence surveillance among pregnant women attending public health clinics has been conducted on an annual basis since 1990 and served as the primary source for monitoring trends of HIV in the country. HIV prevalence data collected from the lat...
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Agu, V.U. (2010) The development of harmonized minimum standards for guidance on HIV testing and counselling and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in the SADC region: HTC country report: Mauritius. (March).
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According to the Republic of Mauritius UNGASS report (2008) , based on 2007 sentinel surveillance data provided by the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life (MOHQL), the total cumulative HIV/AIDS cases for Mauritius amount to 3258, of whom 3107 are residents. Among the residents detected as positive, 2574 are male and 533 female, resulting in a male to female sex ratio of 5:1. Death among resi...
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Agu, V.U. (2009) The development of harmonized minimum standards for guidance on HIV testing and counselling and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in the SADC region: PMTCT country report: Zambia. (March).
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Zambia is one of the sub-Saharan African countries worst affected by HIV/AIDS pandemic. Estimates of HIV prevalence in 2007 for people aged 15 to 49 are 15.2% (UNICEF) and 14.3% (ZHDS). Estimates from sentinel surveillance data for 15-24 year olds are 6.5% (ZDHS, 2007) and 12.5% (SADC, 20081). Ninety-three percent of the population has access to antenatal care (UNICEF, 2008).
HIV transmissio...
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Agu, V.U. (2009) The development of harmonized minimum standards for guidance on HIV testing and counselling and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in the SADC region: PMTCT country report: Namibia. (March).
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HIV infection prevalence among young women between 15 and 24, which can be used as a proxy for incidence, has shown a slight decline from 17.9 in 2002 to 15.2 in 2004, to 14.2 percent in 2006, but there is marked variation between sites and years.
The National Policy on HIV/AIDS was approved in March 2007 and Guidelines for the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission published in July 200...
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Agu, V.U. (2009) The development of harmonized minimum standards for guidance on HIV testing and counselling and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in the SADC region: PMTCT country report: Lesotho. (March).
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The main aim of this consultancy is to develop regional harmonized minimum standards for policies, protocols and guidelines for PMTCT in the SADC region.
To achieve this, the project team of the Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance (SAHARA) - see appendix 1 - is reviewing and analysing policies, protocols and guidelines for PMTCT in each SADC member state (MS), in collaboration with...
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Agu, V.U. (2009) The development of harmonized minimum standards for guidance on HIV testing and counselling and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in the SADC region: HTC country report: Namibia. (March).
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The estimated HIV prevalence for adults (15-49) in 2007 was 15.3% (UNICEF, 2008). Estimates based on sentinel surveillance data in 2007 indicated a prevalence of 14.0% for 15-24 year-olds (SADC, 2008).1 NDHS figures indicate that 18 - 25% of the population was tested for HIV. NDHS figures indicate that slightly more females than males were tested (the female figure stands at 28%).
In July 2007...
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Agu, V.U. (2009) The development of harmonized minimum standards for guidance on HIV testing and counselling and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in the SADC region: HTC country report: South Africa. (March).
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According to the South African UNGASS report for 2006-20071, the international protocol on HIV testing, including rapid tests is used at South African health facilities. During 2006/2007, 1 610 775 men and women were tested at public health facilities. Approximately 578 0002 pregnant women were tested in 2007. The majority (90%) attending VCT services receive their results the same day. Post-te...
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Agu, V.U. (2009) The development of harmonized minimum standards for guidance on HIV testing and counselling and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in the SADC region: HTC country report: Zambia. (March).
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Voluntary Counselling and Testing Services were established on a larger scale in Zambia in 1999. The programme was initiated in 21 pilot sites evenly distributed in each of the nine provinces of Zambia and the major funding in this pilot phase was provided by the Norwegian Government through NORAD. The Government of the Republic of Zambia provided the required human resources through the establ...
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Agu, V.U. (2009) The development of harmonized minimum standards for guidance on HIV testing and counselling and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in the SADC region: HTC country report: Lesotho. (March).
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According to the Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey (DHS, 2004), the national average HIV prevalence (age 15-49) for Lesotho is 23.3%, with the highest prevalence in districts closest to Maseru (Lesotho DHS, 2004). There has been a steady increase in uptake of HTC since 2004, in part resulting from the major 'Know Your Status' campaign. By the end of 2008, about 28% of the population knew t...
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Davids, A. & Coetzee, L. (2010) Routine HIV testing (RHT) and its implications for the socio-economic right of access to health care in South Africa. (Poster presented at the XVIII International AIDS Conference, July).
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Davids, A. & Coetzee, L. (2010) Routine HIV testing: what it means for rights to healthcare. HSRC Review. 8(3):26-27.
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Will the impact of routine HIV testing, which forms part of the government?s national HIV counselling and testing campaign, lead to resource constraints at state antiretroviral therapy facilities? And if so, who will decide who receives antiretroviral drugs and who doesn?t? ADLAI DAVIDS and LINDI COETZEE explore these questions.
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Guy, R., Gold, J., Calleja, J.M.G., Kim, A.A., Parekh, B., Busch, M., Rehle, T., Hargrove, J., Remis, R.S. & Kaldor, J.M. (2009) Accuracy of serological assays for detection of recent infection with HIV and estimation of population incidence: a systematic review. The Lancet. 9:747-759.
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We systematically reviewed the accuracy of serological tests for recent infections with HIV that have become widely used for measuring population patterns incidence of HIV. Across 13 different assays, sensitivity to detect recent infections ranged from 42-100% (median 89%). Specificity for detecting established infections was between 49?5% and 100% (median 86?8%) and was higher for infections o...
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Jacobs, P. & Simbayi, L. (2010) HSRC presentation to the Standing Committee on Appropriations. (Paper presented to the Standing Committee on Appropriations, Parliament, 23 April).
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Knox, J., Sandfort, T., Yi, H., Reddy, V. & Maimane, S. (2011) Social vulnerability and HIV testing among South African men who have sex with men. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 22:709-713.
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This study examined whether social vulnerability is associated with HIV testing among South African men who have
sex with men (MSM). A community-based survey was conducted with 300 MSM in Pretoria in 2008. The sample was stratified by
age, race and residential status. Social vulnerability was assessed using measures of demographic characteristics, psychosocial
determinants and indicators of ...
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Maman, S., Lane, T., Ntogwisangu, J., Modiba, P., Van Rooyen, H., Timbe, A., Visrutaratna, S. & Fritz, K. (2009) Using participatory mapping to inform a community-randomized trial of HIV counseling and testing. Field Methods. 21(4):368-387.
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Participatory mapping and transect walks were used to inform the research and intervention design and to begin building community relations in preparation for Project Accept, a community-randomized trial sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health. Project Accept is being conducted at five sites in four countries: Thailand, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Tanzania. Results from the mapping...
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Mastro, T.D., Kim, A.A., Hallett, T, Rehle, T., Welte, A., Laeyendecker, O., Oluoch, T. & Garcia-Calleja, J.M. (2010) Estimating HIV incidence in populations using tests for recent infection: issues, challenges and the way forward. Journal of HIV/AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiology. 2(1)*:Online.
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HIV incidence is the rate of new infections in a population over time. HIV incidence is a critical indicator needed to assess the status and trends of the HIV epidemic in populations and guide and assess the impact of prevention interventions.
Methods: Several methods exist for estimating population-level HIV incidence: direct observation of HIV incidence through longitudinal follow-up of pers...
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Matseke, G., Peltzer, K. & Tabane, C. (2009) Substance use and HIV risk among HIV infected and uninfected Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) clients in Gert Sibande district, South Africa. (Paper presented at the 4th South African AIDS Conference, Durban, 31 March-3 April).
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Motshabi, L.C., Pengpid, S. & Peltzer, K. (2011) HIV counselling and testing utilisation and attitudes of male inmates in a South African prison. Sahara J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS. 8(3):107-114.
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The Department of Correctional Services Policy on the management of HIV and AIDS for offenders include voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV as one of the priorities in the rehabilitation of inmates. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with the utilisation of VCT services in the correctional centres in terms of level of satisfaction, their experiences and expecta...
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Onoya, D., Reddy, P., Sifunda, S., Wingwood, G.M., Van den Borne, B. & Ruiter, R.A.C. (2010) Barriers to recruitment and retention of HIV negative black South African women into behavioural HIV prevention programs. (Poster presented at the 6th PHASA 2010 Conference, 29 November-1 December).
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Peltzer, K., Mlambo, G. & Phaweni, K. (2010) Factors determining prenatal HIV testing for prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Mpumalanga, South Africa. AIDS and Behavior. 14:1115-1123.
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This study assessed factors associated with participation in HIV counseling and testing and reported reasons for not taking part in Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing among 930 pregnant women attending clinics for antenatal care in South Africa. Results indicate that from 930 clients interviewed 87% had agreed to participate in individual pre-test HIV counseling and 81.2% had
received their ...
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Peltzer, K., Tabane, C., Matseke, G. & Simbayi, L. (2010) Lay counsellor-based risk reduction intervention with HIV positive diagnosed patients at public HIV counselling and testing sites in Mpumalanga, South Africa*. Evaluation and Program Planning. 33:379-385.
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Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, fidelity, and effect of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction intervention delivered to HIV-infected patients by lay counsellors during routine HIV counselling and testing (HCT) public service in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Methods: A total of 488 HIV infected patients, aged 18 years and older, receiving HCT service at clinics in Mpumalanga, r...
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Peltzer, K., Tabane, C., Matseke, G. & Simbayi, L. (2010) Lay counsellor-based risk reduction intervention with HIV positive diagnosed patients at public HIV counselling and testing sites in Mpumalanga, South Africa. (Paper presented at the 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP), Melbourne, 11-16 July).
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Peltzer, K., Tabane, C., Matseke, G. & Simbayi, L. (2009) Lay counsellor-based risk reduction intervention with HIV negative diagnosed patients at HIV counselling and testing sites in a rural South African setting. Journal of Psychology in Africa. 19(4):541-548.
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The study evaluated the feasibility, fidelity, and effectiveness of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention
intervention delivered to HIV-uninfected patients by lay counsellors during routine HIV counselling and testing (HCT)
service in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Participants were 543 HIV negative diagnosed persons (males =383, females =163,
age range=18 - 68). They were assessed at b...
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Rehle, T.M., Hallett, T.B., Shisana, O., Pillay-van Wyk, V., Zuma, K., Carrara, H. & Jooste, S. (2010) A decline in new HIV infections in South Africa: estimating HIV incidence from three national HIV surveys in 2002, 2005 and 2008. PLoS One. 5(6):Online.
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Background: Three national HIV household surveys were conducted in South Africa, in 2002, 2005 and 2008. A novelty of
the 2008 survey was the addition of serological testing to ascertain antiretroviral treatment (ART) use.
Methods and Principal Findings: We used a validated mathematical method to estimate the rate of new HIV infections (HIV
incidence) in South Africa using nationally represe...
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Setswe, G., Wabiri, N., Seager, J. & Peltzer, K. (2009) The development of harmonized minimum standards for guidance on HIV testing and counselling (HTC) in the SADC region: assessment report on HTC policy reviews. (Commissioned by SADC Secretariat, July).
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Introduction: Southern Africa is the epicentre of the HIV and AIDS epidemic and has accounted for almost one-third (32%) of all new HIV infections and AIDS deaths globally in 2007, with national adult HIV prevalence exceeding 15% in seven Member States in 2007. Among the interventions which play a pivotal role both in treatment and prevention, HIV testing and counselling (HTC)
stands out as pa...
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Setswe, G., Wabiri, N., Seager, J. & Peltzer, K. (2009) Regional minimum standards for guidance on HIV testing and counselling (HTC) in the SADC region. (Commissioned by SADC Secretariat, July).
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The main aim of this project was to develop regional harmonized minimum standards for policies, protocols and guidelines for HIV testing and counselling (HTC) in the SADC region. This is consistent with Article 10 of the SADC Protocol on Health, which calls for the harmonization of policies on disease prevention and control. Several approaches were followed in developing these minimum standard...
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Tabane, C., Peltzer, K., Matseke, G. & Simbayi, L. (2010) Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) site-based brief HIV behavioural risk reduction counselling for HIV negative and HIV positive clients at HIV counselling and testing sites in Mpumalanga, South Africa. (Paper presented at the National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Cote d' Ivoire, 16-17 February).
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Van Rooyen, H., Richter, L., Coates, T.J. & Boettiger, M. (2009) Approaches to HIV counselling and testing: strengths and weaknesses, and challenges for the way forward. In: Rohleder, P., Swartz, L., Kalichman, S.C. & Simbayi, L.C. (eds). HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 years on: psychosocial perspectives. New York: Springer. 165-182.
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South Africa has the highest rates of HIV infection of any country in the world. Once an individual has been tested for HIV, prevention can be reinforced and referral made to available treatment, care and support services. A potential added benefit is that increasing the number of people who know their HIV status through expanded access to HIV counselling and testing may also result in a decr...
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Young, S.D., Hlavka, Z., Modiba, P., Gray, G., Van Rooyen, H., Richter, L., Szekeres, G. & Coates, T. (2010) HIV-related stigma, social norms, and HIV testing in Soweto and Vulindlela, South Africa: National Institutes of Mental Health Project Accept (HPTN 043). JAIDS - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 55(5):620-624.
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Objective: HIV testing is necessary to curb the increasing epidemic. However, HIV-related stigma and perceptions of low likelihood of societal HIV testing may reduce testing rates. This study aimed to explore this association in South Africa, where HIV rates are
extraordinarily high. Methods: Data were taken from the Soweto and Vulindlela, South African sites of Project Accept, a multinational...
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