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SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Abrahams, Z., Mchiza, Z. & Steyn, N.P. (2011) Diet and mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa: stages in the nutrition transition. BMC Public Health. 11:Online.

During the last century we have seen wide-reaching changes in diet, nutritional status and life expectancy. The change in diet and physical activity patterns has become known as the nutrition transition. At any given time, a country or region within a country may be at different stages within this transition. This paper examines a range of nutrition-related indicators for countries in Sub-Sahar...

Akoojee, S. (2004) Design meeting for DFID-funded project: the contribution of post-basic education and training (PBET) to poverty reduction: evidence from South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. (Report on a workshop held at the Centre for African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 22-25 May 2004).

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Alidou, H., Boly, A., Brock-Utne, B., Diallo, Y.S., Heugh, K. & Wolff, H.E. (2006) Optimizing learning and education in Africa - the language factor: a stock-taking research on mother tongue and bilingual education in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Andrews, G., Skinner, D. & Zuma, K. (2006) Epidemiology of health and vulnerability among children orphaned and made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS care. 18(3):269-276.

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa has already orphaned a generation of children, and it is projected that by 2010, 18 million African children under the age of 18 are likely to be orphans from this single cause (UNICEF, 2005, The state of the Worlds Children: Childhood under threat . New York: UNICEF). Results from a Kellogg funded OVC project (Skinner et al., 2004, Definition of orph...

Chisholm, L. & Leyendecker, R. (2008) Curriculum reform in post-1990s sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Educational Development. 28(2):195-205.

This article uses both primary and secondary sources to examine why learner-centredness, outcomes- and competency-based education and national qualifications frameworks were favourably received at local level in sub-Saharan Africa but have not resulted in widespread change in classroom practice. It argues that they found local favour because they were not entirely new ideas, and were ambiguous...

Chisholm, L. & Leyendecker, R. (2008) Curriculum reform in sub-Saharan Africa: when local meets global. In: Cowen, R. & Kazamias, A.M. (eds). International handbook of comparative education. New York: Springer. 685-702.

The chapter begins with a discussion of the ambiguities and differences between learner-centred, child-centred and competency-based education. It then examines the international pressures on sub-Saharan Africa for curriculum change and the local Southern African historical context and alternative educational experience that, it argues, predisposed Southern Africa to adoption of ideas. It shows...

Cross, C. & Omoluabi, E. (2006) Introduction. In Views on migration in Sub-Saharan Africa: proceedings of an African migration alliance workshop. Cross, C., Gelderblom, D., Roux, N. & Mafukidze, J. (eds). Cape Town: HSRC Press. 1-24.

Cross, C., Gelderblom, D., Roux, N. & Mafukidze, J. (eds). (2006) Views on migration in Sub-Saharan Africa: proceedings of an African migration alliance workshop. Cape Town: HSRC Press.

Migration by the poor is a scorching issue in the world today ? both inside their own countries and on the international scene, the world's poor are voting with their feet to escape poverty and make their bid for new lives in new places. Public anxiety is reaching fever pitch in the developed world, xenophobia is spreading, and governments everywhere are struggling to mobilize policies that wi...

De Kadt, J., Makusha, T. & Richter, L. (2011) The moral tensions of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. In: Swartz, S. & Taylor, M. (eds). Moral education in sub-Saharan Africa: culture, economics, conflict and AIDS. Oxon: Routledge. 127-136.

De Kadt, J., Makusha, T. & Richter, L. (2010) Review article: the moral tensions of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Moral Education. 39(3):393-401.

This article reviews four recent (post-2003) books written by authors living and working in Africa which explore the connection between morality and the HIV epidemic. The books are written from differing perspectives, make use of diverse methodological approaches and present varying conclusions and recommendations. While each work provides considerable scope for discussion in and of itself, thi...

Drimie, S. (2003) HIV/AIDS and new agricultural strategies for sub-Saharan Africa. (Paper presented at the workshop hosted by the Centre for Policy Analysis and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations on CUREMIS II, Accra, Ghana, 12 13 June).

Freeman, M. (2004) HIV/AIDS in developing countries: heading towards a mental health and consequent social disaster?. South African journal of psychology. 34 (1):139-159.

The HIV/AIDS pandemic will have massive implications for mental health in sub-saharan Africa. While research in developed countries in quite advanced in this area, and while some of this research is relevant and important in developing countries, understanding and dealing with a disease of relatively low prevalence and which is mostly under control is vastly different from the considerations r...

Genberg, B.L., Kulich, M., Kawichai, S., Modiba, P., Chingono, A., Kilonzo, G.P., Richter, L., Pettifor, A., Sweat, M. & Celentano, D.D. (2008) HIV risk behaviors in sub-Saharan Africa and northern Thailand: baseline behavioral data from Project Accept. JAIDS - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 49(3):309-319.

Of 2.5 million new HIV infections worldwide in 2007, most occurred in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia. We present the baseline data on HIV risk behaviors and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa and northern Thailand from Project Accept, a community-randomized controlled trial of community mobilization, mobile voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), and posttest support services. A random h...

Heese, K. (2005) Literature review of the role of economic powerhouses in regional development: lessons for South Africa in Africa: executive summary. (June).

Heese, K. (2005) Literature review of the role of economic powerhouses in regional development: lessons for South Africa in Africa. (June).

Heugh, K. (2007) Reading B: English in the curriculum in South Africa. In: Mercer, N., Swann, J. & Mayor, B. (eds). Learning English. Abingdon: Routledge. 181-188.

Human Sciences Research Council (2012) 6th SAHARA Conference: official conference proceedings. Port Elizabeth: SAHARA.

Khumalo-Sakutukwa, G., Morin, S.F., Fritz, K., Charlebois, E.D., Van Rooyen, H., Chingono, A., Modiba, P., Mrumbi, K., Visrutaratna, S., Singh, B., Sweat, M., Celantano, D.D. & Coates, T.J. (2008) Project Accept (HPTN 043): a community-based intervention to reduce HIV incidence in populations at risk for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa and Thailand. JAIDS - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 49(4):422-431.

Background: Changing community norms to increase awareness of HIV status and reduce HIV-related stigma has the potential to reduce the incidence of HIV-1 infection in the developing world. Methods: We developed and implemented a multilevel intervention providing community-based HIV mobile voluntary counseling and testing, community mobilization, and posttest support services. Forty-eight co...

Kim, A.A., McDougal, J.S., Hargrove, J., Rehle, T., Pillay-Van Wyk, V., Puren, A., Ekra, A., Borget-Alloue, M-Y., Adje-Toure, C., Abdullahi, A.S., Odawo, L., Marum, L. & Parekh, B.S. (2010) Evaluating the BED capture enzyme immunoassay to estimate HIV incidence among adults in three countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Aids Research and Human Retroviruses. 26(10):1051-1061.

Serological assays for estimating HIV-1 incidence are prone to misclassification, limiting the accuracy of the incidence estimate. Adjustment factors have been developed and recommended for estimating assay-based HIV-1 incidence in cross-sectional settings. We evaluated the performance of the recommended adjustment factors for estimating incidence in national HIV surveys in three countries in s...

Kruss, G. (2011) Identifying critical linkages and interactions: universities and development in sub-Saharan Africa. (Paper presented at the International Workshop on University-firm Interactions, Sao Paolo, 19-20 September).

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Kruss, G., Lorentzen, J., Petersen, I., Adeoti, J., Odekunle, K., Adeyinka, F., Nabudere, D., Luutu, B.M., Tabaro, E. & Mayanja, D. (2009) Knowledge for development: university-firm interaction in sub-Saharan Africa: final report. (August).

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Kruss, G., Lorentzen, J., Petersen, I., Nabudere, D., Luutu, B., Tabaro, E., Mayanja, D., Adeoti, J., Odekunle, K. & Adeyinka, F. (2009) Knowledge for development: university-firm interaction in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Nigeria: working papers. (August).

The Research on Knowledge Systems (RoKS) 2006 competition provided funding that has opened up a new field and delineated the contours of a research agenda in relation to the changing role of the university in sub-Saharan Africa. Governments in developing countries are increasingly imitating developed countries, by adopting policy, incentives and programmes aimed to promote linkages between uni...

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Kruss, G. & Petersen, I. (2009) Linking universities & firms in sub-Saharan Africa. HSRC Review. 7(2):22-23.

Unlike the centuries-old tradition of the autonomous pursuit of knowledge and science, universities are now expected to be more accountable to society, the state and the market. The HSRC and its partners organised a series of roundtable discussions, held in Uganda, Nigeria, and South Africa, on the changing role of universities in these countries, and specifically, the contribution of universit...

Makiwane, M. (2006) The changing role of older persons in the South African households. (Paper presented at the International Federation on Ageing, Copenhagen, Denmark, 30 May - 2 June).

The extended family used to be relied upon to provide subsistence and care for older persons in sub-Saharan Africa. However, recently South Africa has seen a reversal of roles, where older persons are now providing subsistence and care to younger generations. This role reversal started during the apartheid era as older persons took care of grandchildren and it is being accelerated by HIV/AIDS d...

Matshe, I. (2009) Boosting smallholder production for food security: some approaches and evidence from studies in sub-Saharan Africa. Agrekon. 48(4):483-511.

This paper uses the sustainable livelihoods framework to explore the contribution of smallholder production to food security in some sub-Saharan African countries and relates it to the South African case. Noting that many of the world's hungry are smallholder farmers, it is clear that food insecurity is closely linked to the livelihood strategies of these farm households. As previous studies ha...

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Matshe, I. (2009) Contribution of smallholder production to food security: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa. (March).

This paper explores the contribution of smallholder production to food security in sub-Saharan Africa and relates it to the South African case. Noting that the world's hungry are smallholder farmers, it is established that food insecurity is closely linked to the livelihood strategies of these farm households. It is apparent, however, that part of what drives food insecurity is poverty, and tha...

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McGrath, S. & Akoojee, S. (2007) New skills policies in Sub-Saharan Africa: priority skills in South Africa?. NORRAG news. 38:23-25.

Mpofu, E., Peltzer, K. & Bojuwoye, O. (2011) Indigenous healing practices in sub-Saharan Africa. In: Mpofu, E. (ed). Counseling people of African ancestry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3-21.

Healers seek to help patients understand the sociocultural basis of their health conditions, and how they can recognize, activate, or utilize resources and or support systems necessary to alleviate their suffering. Treatment modalities include relaxation techniques, use of herbs, psychocultural education, dream interpretation, storytelling, use of proverbs, cleansing, libation, music, and cerem...

Mpofu, E., Peltzer, K., Shumba, A., Serpell, R. & Mogaji, A. (2005) School psychology in sub-Saharan Africa: results and implications of a six country survey. In Comprehensive handbook of multicultural school psychology. Frisby, C. & Reynolds, C.R. (eds). New York: John Wiley. 978-1000.

Njuho, P. (2009) The law of diminishing return as it applies to the state of biometry in sub-Saharan Africa. (Paper presented at the 11th Scientific Conference of Sub-Saharan Africa Network (SUSAN) of the International Biometry Society (IBS), Kabarak University, Nakuru, Kenya, 24-28 August).

Peltzer, K. (2009) Brief intervention of alcohol problems in sub-Saharan Africa: a review. Journal of Psychology in Africa. 19(3):415-422.

The purpose of the review was to identify and assess studies that have described and quantified brief interventions of alcohol problems in sub-Saharan Africa. The findings of this review of sub-Saharan African research strongly support the possible impact of brief interventions of alcohol problems in various settings.

Peltzer, K., Niang, C.C., Muula, A.S., Bowa, K., Okeke, L., Boiro, H. & Chimbwete, C. (2007) Editorial review: male circumcision, gender and HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: a (social science) research agenda. Sahara J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS. 4(3):658-667.

Sub-Saharan Africa is the part of the world which is the most affected by the HIV and AIDS pandemic, with 24.5 million people infected by the virus that causes AIDS. Adult HIV prevalence in southern Africa is estimated at 16%, at 6% in East Africa and at 4.5% in West and Central Africa (UNAIDS, 2006). Ecological studies in sub-Saharan Africa have suggested a geographical association between ar...

Petersen, I. (2009) Innovation in sub-Saharan Africa: competitiveness, capability and achievements in South Africa, Nigeria and Uganda. (April).

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Phaswana-Mafuya, N., Tassiopoulos, D., Hoosain, E., Davids, A., Chirinda, W., Swana, Z. & , (2012) Are we turning the tide on HIV/AIDS?: the social, political and economic landscape of HIV prevention and response in sub-Saharan Africa: 6th SAHARA conference 2011 report. Port Elizabeth: SAHARA.

The conference addressed a critical question: "Are we turning the tide on HIV and AIDS? The social, political and economic landscape of HIV/AIDS". A range of presentations was made across the six conference sub-themes, namely: HIV/AIDS and Human Rights, MARPs (Most at Risk Populations), HIV Prevention, Accessibility, Uptake and Adherence to Treatment, Political Accountability in the AIDS Respon...

Rama, S., Boyce, G. & Ramdeen, M. (2007) Not a penny more, always a penny less: barriers to the distribution of funds to OVC through existing funding channels.

Richter, L.M. & Rama, S. (2006) Building resilience: a rights-based approach to children and HIV/AIDS in Africa. (Commissioned by Save the Children Sweden, May).

Many children in Sub-Saharan Africa, in addition to those who receive most media attention (i.e. orphans, child heads-of-household, and children living with HIV/AIDS), are affected by HIV/AIDS, poverty, and social instability. They include already vulnerable children, especially children with disabilities and children living outside of family care, as well as children living with chronically il...

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Rispel, L., Da Sousa, C. & Molomo, B. (2008) Rapid appraisal of social inclusion policies in selected sub-Saharan African countries. Cape Town: HSRC Press.

This monograph explores the notion of social exclusion in sub-Saharan Africa and summarises available baseline indicators of the scale of inequality in five selected countries: Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Ethiopia and Nigeria. The study was done as part of the Social Exclusion Knowledge Network (SEKN), set up under the auspices of the World Health Organization's Commission on Social ...

Rispel, L., Da Sousa, C. & Molomo, B. (2007) Rapid appraisal of social inclusion policies in selected sub-Saharan African countries. (Commissioned by the Social Exclusion Knowledge Network (SEKN), November).

Roberts, B. (2007) Youth and poverty reduction strategy processes in sub-Saharan Africa. Africa Insight. 37(3):432-453.

In 1999, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) announce that developing countries must complete poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs) as a prerequisite for assessing concessional finance. Adopted by more that two-thirds of sub-Saharan African countries, this development policy mechanism represents a potentially significant instrument for meeting the needs of youth. This...

Roberts, B. (2006) Youth and poverty reduction strategy processes in sub-Saharan Africa. (Paper presented at the 7th International Society for Quality of Life Studies (ISQOLS) Conference, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 17-20 July).

Setswe, G. (2008) HIV & AIDS research challenges in sub-Saharan Africa. (Paper presented at the Winter School 2008, University of Limpopo, School of Public Health, 1 July).

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Simbayi, L.C., Kaseje, D. & Niang, C.I. (2007) Overview and regional progress of current SAHARA projects in sub-Saharan Africa. In: Prince, B., Louw, J., Roe, K. & Adams, R. (eds). Exploring the challenges of HIV/AIDS: seminar proceedings. Cape Town: HSRC Press. 6-17.

Skinner, D., Tsheko, N., Mtero-Munyati, S., Segwabe, M., Chibatamoto, P., Mfecane, S., Chandiwane, B., Nkomo, N., Tlou, S. & Chitiyo, G. (2006) Towards a definition of orphaned and vulnerable children. AIDS and behavior. 10(6):619-626.

The HIV epidemic presents challenges including orphans and a large mass of children rendered vulnerable by the epidemic and other societal forces. Focus on orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) is important, but needs accurate definition. Twelve focus group interviews of service providers, leaders in these communities, OVC and their caretakers were conducted at six project sites across Botswan...

Southall, R. (2004) South Africa in Africa: the apartheid regime's foreign policy in sub-Saharan Africa. In France and South Africa: towards a new engagement with Africa. Alden, C. & Martin, G. (eds). London: Protea Books. 31-72.

Stoop, W. & Hart, T. (2006) Research and development towards sustainable agriculture by resource-poor farmers in sub-Saharan Africa: some strategic and organisational considerations in linking farmer practical needs with policies and scientific theories. International journal of agricultural sustainability. 3(3):206-216.

Swartz, S. (2011) 'Moral ecology' and 'moral capital': tools towards a sociology of moral education from a South African ethnography. In: Swartz, S. & Taylor, M. (eds). Moral education in sub-Saharan Africa: culture, economics, conflict and AIDS. Oxon: Routledge. 39-62.

Swartz, S. (2011) Introduction: the pain and the promise of moral education in sub-Saharan Africa. In: Swartz, S. & Taylor, M. (eds). Moral education in sub-Saharan Africa: culture, economics, conflict and AIDS. Oxon: Routledge. 1-6.

Swartz, S. (2011) Moral education in sub-Saharan Africa. (Paper presented at the HSRC Seminar and Book Launch, Cape Town, South Africa, 24 May).

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Swartz, S. & Taylor, M. (eds). (2011) Moral education in sub-Saharan Africa: culture, economics, conflict and AIDS. Oxon: Routledge.

The term `moral? has had a chequered history in sub-Saharan Africa, mainly due to the legacy of colonialism and Apartheid (in South Africa). In contrast to moral education as a vehicle of cultural imperialism and social control, this volume shows moral education to be concerned with both private and public morality, with communal and national relationships between human beings, as well as betwe...

Swartz, S. (2010) Editorial: the pain and the promise of moral education in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Moral Education. 39(3):267-272.

The key question that this Special Issue seeks to address is: what contribution can scholars from Africa concerned with moral education make to the multiple issues of culture, conflict, economics and HIV/AIDS that, while not peculiar to sub-SaharanAfrica, are certainly acute in this region of the world? Furthermore, are there ways in which this work, frequently undertaken in difficult circumsta...

Ural, I. (2000) Regional cooperation in Sub-Saharan Africa on school improvement: a comparative study of South Africa, Botswana and the Seychelles.

Comparative analysis of regional cooperation with regard to school improvement in South Africa, the Seychelles and Botswana.

Van Wyk, B., Strebel, A., Peltzer, K. & Skinner, D. (2006) Community-level behavioural interventions for HIV prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa. (Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health research programme, Occasional paper; 3). Cape Town: HSRC Press.

In 2002, the Human Sciences Research Council was commissioned by the WK Kellogg Foundation to develop and implement a five-year intervention project focusing on orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in southern Africa. In collaboration with several partner organizations, the project currently focuses on how children, families and communities in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe are coping wit...

Varga, C.A. (2001) The forgotten fifty percent: a review of sexual and reproductive health research and programs focused on boys and young men in Sub-Saharan Africa. African journal of reproductive health. 5(3):175-195.

This paper reviews existing literature on sexual and reproductive health research and programming among boys and young men in sub-Saharan Africa. While there is growing body literature on adolescent and young adult women, much less is known about male sexual and reproductive health and its potential connection to well being, and in particular the risk of contracting and spreading HIV/AIDS infe...